Las epidemias de cólera en Estambul Otomano tardío, la atención médica y las Hermanas de la Caridad Católicas / Cholera epidemics in the late ottoman Istanbul, healthcare and the french catholic sisters of charity

This article is about the healthcare services provided by the Sisters of Charity (Filles de la Charité) during cholera epidemics in institutions opened and managed in nineteenth century Istanbul as part of their Eastern missions. The annuals in which reports and letters were collected and addressed to the center of the congregation in Paris, Annales de la Congrégation de la Mission et des Filles de la Charité (ACM), are used as primary sources. This study aims to evaluate the pandemies of cholera within the framework of world history and Ottoman context by contributing to the existing historical geographies of cholera, in addition to the literature, which accentuates the importance of agency of women in the Ottoman context, based on original findings. The article assesses how cholera affected Istanbul and how the disease was dealth with, through the connections between the sisters and local actors. The study also shows that the Ottoman example was not only a result of Western experiences, but although it was part of a wide history of pandemics, its actors had their own unique developments shaped by imperial and local settings and events.

Este artículo trata sobre los servicios de salud brindados por las Hermanas de la Caridad (Filles de la Charité) durante las epidemias de cólera en instituciones abiertas y administradas en el siglo XIX en Estambul como parte de sus misiones orientales. Los anuarios en los que se recopilaron informes y cartas y se dirigieron al centro de la congregación en París, Annales de la Congrégation de la Mission et des Filles de la Charité (ACM), se utilizan como fuentes primarias. Este estudio tiene como objetivo evaluar las pandemias de cólera en el marco de la historia mundial y el contexto otomano haciendo una contribución a las geografías históricas existentes del cólera, además de la literatura que acentúa la importancia de la agencia de las mujeres en el contexto otomano, con base en hallazgos originales. El artículo evalúa cómo afectó el cólera a Estambul y cómo se enfrentó la enfermedad, a través de las conexiones entre las hermanas y los actores locales. El estudio también muestra que el ejemplo otomano no fue solo el resultado de las experiencias occidentales, sino que, aunque fue parte de una amplia historia de pandemias, sus actores tuvieron sus propios desarrollos únicos moldeados por escenarios y eventos imperiales y locales.

El Cuidado en los años 70 del siglo XX: Hospital Nuestra Señora de Gracia de Zaragoza / Care in the 70s of the twentieth century: Hospital Nuestra Señora de Gracia the Zaragoza

Introducción: El hospital Real y General de Nuestra Señora de Gracia de Zaragoza fue fundado en 1425 por Alfonso V El Magnánimo. Durante la primera mitad de Siglo XX la asistencia de enfermería, era realizada por las Hermanas de Caridad de Santa Ana y personal adyacente, mediante su tarea y ejemplaridad en el cuidado siempre al lado del enfermo. Objetivo: Exponer las condiciones de trabajo y cuidados realizados por las Hermanas de Caridad de Santa Ana en el Hospital Nuestra Señora de Gracia en los años setenta del siglo XX. Metodología: Se ha utilizado la metodología cualitativa, entrevistando a dos enfermeras Hermanas de la Caridad de Santa Ana y a dos auxiliares de enfermería que trabajaban en aquella época. Resultados: Se destaca la distribución del hospital, sobre todo las salas y la diferencia en la forma de cuidados en función de las necesidades de Virginia Henderson. Conclusiones: Se han encontrado similitudes con las formas de cuidado en otros hospitales en la década de los años setenta, no consiguen ser totalmente equiparables a los realizados por las Hermanas de la Caridad de Santa Ana en el Hospital Nuestra Señora de Gracia en el mismo espacio temporal, principalmente por la percepción de la salud-enfermedad para cada cultura o grupo social (AU)

Introduction: The Hospital Nuestra Señora de Gracia of Zaragoza was founded in 1425 by Alfonso V El Magnánimo. During the first half of the 20th century, nursing care was carried out by the Sisters of Charity of Santa Ana and adjacent personnel through their work and exemplary care always at the side of the patient. Objective: Expose the working and care conditions carried out by the Sisters of Charity of St. Anne at the Hospital Nuestra Señora de Gracia in the seventies of the twentieth century. Methodology: The qualitative methodology has been used, interviewing two nurses. Sisters of Charity of Santa Ana and nursing auxiliaries who worked at that time. Results: The distribution of the hospital is highlighted, especially the rooms and the difference in the way of care according to the needs of Virginia Henderson Conclusions: Similarities have been found with the forms of care in other hospitals in the seventies, they are not fully comparable to those carried out by the Sisters of Charity of Santa Ana in the Hospital Nuestra Señora de Gracia in the same temporary space, mainly due to the perception of health-disease for each culture or social group (AU)

"If I Only Touch Her Cloak": The Sisters of Charity of St. Joseph in New Orleans' Charity Hospital, 1834-1860 / 의사학

This study is about the Sisters of Charity of St. Joseph in New Orleans' Charity Hospital during the years between 1834 and 1860. The Sisters of Charity of St. Joseph was founded in 1809 by Saint Elizabeth Ann Bailey Seton (first native-born North American canonized in 1975) in Emmitsburg, Maryland. Seton's Sisters of Charity was the first community for religious women to be established in the United States and was later incorporated with the French Daughters of Charity of St. Vincent de Paul in 1850. A call to work in New Orleans' Charity Hospital in the 1830s meant a significant achievement for the Sisters of Charity, since it was the second oldest continuously operating public hospitals in the United States until 2005, bearing the same name over the decades. In 1834, Sister Regina Smith and other sisters were officially called to Charity Hospital, in order to supersede the existing "nurses, attendants, and servants," and take a complete charge of the internal management of the Charity Hospital. The existing scholarship on the history of hospitals and Catholic nursing has not integrated the concrete stories of the Sisters of Charity into the broader histories of institutionalized medicine, gender, and religion. Along with a variety of primary sources, this study primarily relies on the Charity Hospital History Folder stored at the Daughters of Charity West Center Province Archives. Located in the "Queen city of the South," Charity Hospital was the center of the southern medical profession and the world's fair of people and diseases. Charity Hospital provided the sisters with a unique situation that religion and medicine became intertwined. The Sisters, as nurses, constructed a new atmosphere of caring for patients and even their families inside and outside the hospital, and built their own separate space within the hospital walls. As hospital managers, the Sisters of Charity were put in complete charge of the hospital, which was never seen in other hospitals. By wearing a distinctive religious garment, they eschewed female dependence and sexuality. As medical and religious attendants at the sick wards, the sisters played a vital role in preparing the patients for a "good death" as well as spiritual wellness. By waging their own war on the Protestant influences, the sisters did their best to build their own sacred place in caring for sick bodies and saving souls. Through the research on the Sisters of Charity at Charity Hospital, this study ultimately sheds light on the ways in which a nineteenth-century southern hospital functioned as a unique environment for the recovery of wellness of the body and soul, shaped and envisioned by the Catholic sister-nurses' gender and religious identities.

Learning to pay attention. An ethics study group refocuses on issues affecting long-term care residents' daily lives.

In 1991 the Sisters of Charity Healthcare Systems (SCHCS), Cincinnati, established an ethics study group for its long-term care facilities. The group was originally organized to address end-of-life treatment decisions, but it soon found that the daily lives of people by and for whom such decisions would be made were worthy of attention in their own right. Autonomy had been a topic of group discussions early on. Once reinterpreted in the context of long-term care, it became the pivotal value for the group. One key to the group's progress was identifying intrinsic and extrinsic factors that distract care givers' attention from issues of concern to residents. Members found that state and federal regulations, as well as constraints on medical treatment by payers such as Medicare and Medicaid, often ignore the human dimension in terms of which the elderly's needs and preferences can be framed. Rigidly defined roles and routines also blunt care givers' sensitivity to residents' concerns. The group is currently developing a program of in-service ethics education and training. Designed in four modules, the program will focus on the following topics: protecting and enhancing resident rights, staff issues and professionalism, talking about death and dying, and staff-physician issues.